Lesson 4 of 12

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Little words after nouns: nu, ton, vich, naal

Punjabi puts its prepositions after the noun, and the noun changes shape before them: kamra, but kamre vich.

Prepositions that come after

English says “in the room”. Punjabi says “room in”: ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ (kamre vich). The small words English puts before a noun, Punjabi puts after it, so they are called postpositions.

  • ਨੂੰ

    nu

    to; also marks who something is done to

  • ਤੋਂ

    ton

    from; than

  • ਵਿੱਚ

    vich

    in

  • ਤੇ

    te

    on; also, in speech, and

  • ਨਾਲ

    naal

    with

  • ਲਈ

    layi

    for

  • ਕੋਲ

    kol

    near; with (someone), as in having

  • ਬਾਰੇ

    baare

    about

The noun changes shape first

Before a postposition, a masculine noun ending in -a changes its -a to -e: ਕਮਰਾ becomes ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ, and ਮੁੰਡਾ becomes ਮੁੰਡੇ ਨੂੰ. Grammar books call this the oblique form. Other singular nouns stay as they are: ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ, ਕੁੜੀ ਨੂੰ.

In the plural, the ending becomes -ian or -an: ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ, to the boys; ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ, with friends.

  • ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ

    kamre vich

    in the room

  • ਮੁੰਡੇ ਨੂੰ

    munde nu

    to the boy

  • ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ

    ghar vich

    in the house

  • ਕੁੜੀ ਨਾਲ

    kurhi naal

    with the girl

  • ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ

    mundian nu

    to the boys

  • ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ

    dostan naal

    with friends

Pronouns before a postposition

Pronouns change too. With ਨੂੰ, some join into one word: ਮੈਨੂੰ (mainu, to me), ਤੈਨੂੰ (tainu, to you, to a friend), ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ (tuhanu, to you), ਸਾਨੂੰ (saanu, to us). He, she and they become ਉਸ and ਉਹਨਾਂ: ਉਸ ਨੂੰ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨਾਲ.

With ਨਾਲ and ਕੋਲ, I, you and we take their possessive form: ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ, with me; ਸਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ, with us.

  • ਮੈਨੂੰ ਦੱਸੋ

    Mainu dasso

    Tell me

  • ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ?

    Tuhanu pata hai?

    Do you know?

  • ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਚਲੋ

    Saade naal chalo

    Come with us

  • ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਫ਼ੋਨ ਕਰੋ

    Us nu phone karo

    Call him (or her)

  • ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਕਾਰ ਹੈ

    Mere kol car hai

    I have a car

    Literally “near me is a car”. Punjabi says “have” this way.

From: ton

ਤੋਂ (ton) means from, and also than. A few words join with it: ਘਰੋਂ (gharon, from home), ਕਿੱਥੋਂ (kithon, from where).

  • ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿੱਥੋਂ ਹੋ?

    Tusi kithon ho?

    Where are you from?

  • ਮੈਂ ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ ਤੋਂ ਹਾਂ

    Main California ton haan

    I am from California

  • ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਹੈ

    Oh mere ton vadda hai

    He is older than me

Ask the tutor about this lesson

Check yourself

  1. Question 1.Where does ਵਿੱਚ (vich, in) go?
  2. Question 2.In the room: ___ vich
  3. Question 3.To me
  4. Question 4.With us: ___ naal
  5. Question 5.Mere kol car hai means…
  6. Type it the way you’d text it. Spelling is forgiving: roti or rotee, achha or acha.

    Question 6.Ask “Where are you from?” respectfully.
  7. Question 7.Say “in the house”.

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