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Sidha quiz te jaoLittle words after nouns: nu, ton, vich, naal
Punjabi puts its prepositions after the noun, and the noun changes shape before them: kamra, but kamre vich.
Prepositions that come after
English says “in the room”. Punjabi says “room in”: ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ (kamre vich). The small words English puts before a noun, Punjabi puts after it, so they are called postpositions.
ਨੂੰ
nu
to; also marks who something is done to
ਤੋਂ
ton
from; than
ਵਿੱਚ
vich
in
ਤੇ
te
on; also, in speech, and
ਨਾਲ
naal
with
ਲਈ
layi
for
ਕੋਲ
kol
near; with (someone), as in having
ਬਾਰੇ
baare
about
The noun changes shape first
Before a postposition, a masculine noun ending in -a changes its -a to -e: ਕਮਰਾ becomes ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ, and ਮੁੰਡਾ becomes ਮੁੰਡੇ ਨੂੰ. Grammar books call this the oblique form. Other singular nouns stay as they are: ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ, ਕੁੜੀ ਨੂੰ.
In the plural, the ending becomes -ian or -an: ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ, to the boys; ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ, with friends.
ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ
kamre vich
in the room
ਮੁੰਡੇ ਨੂੰ
munde nu
to the boy
ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ
ghar vich
in the house
ਕੁੜੀ ਨਾਲ
kurhi naal
with the girl
ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ
mundian nu
to the boys
ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ
dostan naal
with friends
Pronouns before a postposition
Pronouns change too. With ਨੂੰ, some join into one word: ਮੈਨੂੰ (mainu, to me), ਤੈਨੂੰ (tainu, to you, to a friend), ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ (tuhanu, to you), ਸਾਨੂੰ (saanu, to us). He, she and they become ਉਸ and ਉਹਨਾਂ: ਉਸ ਨੂੰ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨਾਲ.
With ਨਾਲ and ਕੋਲ, I, you and we take their possessive form: ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ, with me; ਸਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ, with us.
ਮੈਨੂੰ ਦੱਸੋ
Mainu dasso
Tell me
ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ?
Tuhanu pata hai?
Do you know?
ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਚਲੋ
Saade naal chalo
Come with us
ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਫ਼ੋਨ ਕਰੋ
Us nu phone karo
Call him (or her)
ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਕਾਰ ਹੈ
Mere kol car hai
I have a car
Literally “near me is a car”. Punjabi says “have” this way.
From: ton
ਤੋਂ (ton) means from, and also than. A few words join with it: ਘਰੋਂ (gharon, from home), ਕਿੱਥੋਂ (kithon, from where).
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿੱਥੋਂ ਹੋ?
Tusi kithon ho?
Where are you from?
ਮੈਂ ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ ਤੋਂ ਹਾਂ
Main California ton haan
I am from California
ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਹੈ
Oh mere ton vadda hai
He is older than me
Aapne aap nu parkho
Jiven suneha likhde ho, uven hi likho. Shabad-jor di chhot hai: roti jaan rotee, achha jaan acha.
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