ਵਿਆਕਰਨ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਾਕ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਬਣਦੇ ਹਨ, ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਤਰਤੀਬ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਇਸ ਤੱਕ ਕਿ “ਕੀਤਾ” ਕਿਉਂ ਹੈ, “ਕੀਤੀ” ਕਿਉਂ ਨਹੀਂ।
- Word order, pronouns and “to be”Punjabi puts the verb last. The order of a sentence, the words for I, you and they, and haan, hai, ho and han.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Gender, plurals and agreementEvery noun is masculine or feminine, and adjectives and verbs change to match: changa munda, changi kurhi.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Whose is it? da, di, dePossession with da, di and de, and my, your, our: mera, tuhada, saada. They agree with the thing owned.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Little words after nouns: nu, ton, vich, naalPunjabi puts its prepositions after the noun, and the noun changes shape before them: kamra, but kamre vich.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- The present: I do, I am doingSay what you usually do (main karda haan), what you are doing now (main kar riha haan), and that you don’t.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- The past, and why it’s kita and not kitiPast verbs agree with the person when nothing is done to anything, and with the thing when something is.ਲਗਭਗ 5 ਮਿੰਟ
- The future: will, and let’sMake the future with -ga: main javanga, fer milange. Plus the everyday ways to suggest a plan.ਲਗਭਗ 3 ਮਿੰਟ
- Asking and telling: kar, karo, karna jiCommands at three levels of politeness, the helper verbs that soften them, and how to say don’t.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Questions, and saying noQuestion words (ki, kaun, kithe, kadon, kiven, kyon) and the ways to say no: nahi, na and nahi si.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Respect: tusi, ji and the pluralHow Punjabi shows respect: tusi for one person, ji after names, and plural verbs for an elder.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Mainu: when things happen to youHunger, liking, knowing and needing happen to you in Punjabi: mainu bhukh lagi hai, mainu chaa pasand hai.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ
- Helper verbs: can, already, shouldVerb pairs like ho gaya and dass deo, and the helpers for can, already, having done, and should.ਲਗਭਗ 4 ਮਿੰਟ